1. 先看惡化最嚴重的新訂單指數,除了各國政府自行調查PMI(採購經理人指數)之外,還有許多金融機構和研究單位在做同樣的事情,其中在全球領域被最頻繁引用的是Markit公司的Global和各國PMI,Markit公司公布的1月份美國製造業PMI新訂單(US manufacturing PMI new orders)只下跌的2.2點,遠少於美國ISM協會調查下跌13.2點,顯示這裡面,也許有牽扯一些研究方法、統計樣本、和ISM前幾個月新訂單指數偏高等等因素在內。
2. 和美國同屬已開發經濟體的歐元區和日本,其1月份 PMI新訂單指數,都創下近年來新高,尤其是歐洲和日本經濟中,出口依賴新興市場的程度更遠甚於美國,如果市場擔心新興市場成長趨緩和美國ISM新訂單指數重挫,是悲觀者的完美風暴的話,為何歐洲和日本1月PMI新訂單指數還能創新高? 因為ISM/PMI是 "調查"而非 "統計",調查都有可能偏誤,讓人不得不懷疑 ISM新訂單這次調查是否有機遇上偶然出現的偏誤?
3. 即使接受 ISM公布的美國PMI和新訂單分項指數,是完全正確的話,我們把目光轉向全球,根據JP Morgan和Markit合作彙總各國資料的全球製造業PMI指數(J.P.Morgan Global Manufacturing PMI), 1月份Global PMI只有從前月的53.0微幅下跌到52.9而已,等於是持平,新訂單分項指數也只有從前月54.4微幅下跌到54.3,幾乎可以忽略其變動。
4. 至於那為何會有以上差異呢? ISM網站每次公布PMI時,都會放上一些些被調查者的描述,這次放上去的10個描述中,就有3個人提到1月份惡劣的天氣影響,而天氣這種東西,對於 "預測性的主觀問券調查"而言,恐怕還會有放大效果。
結論就是: 本文預測,如果天氣轉佳,2月份美國ISM新訂單分項指數,很可能會回升。
以下這段摘錄自ISM網站:
WHAT RESPONDENTS ARE SAYING ...
- "We are seeing slight improvements, year-over-year, month-to-month, across most regions and business segments." (Apparel, Leather & Allied Products)
- "Poor weather impacted outbound and inbound shipments." (Fabricated Metal Products)
- "Good finish to 2013, but slow start to 2014, mostly attributed to weather." (Petroleum & Coal Products)
- "U.S. government aerospace business is very brisk." (Transportation Equipment)
- "Slight improvements in defense business. But still lagging from previous years." (Computer & Electronic Products)
- "Cautiously optimistic about increasing volumes but still challenging, and margins remain low." (Chemical Products)
- "We have experienced many late deliveries during the past week due to the weather shutting down truck lines." (Plastics & Rubber Products)
- "We continue to be busy, working six days, 24 hours a day." (Primary Metals)
- "Restricted optimism heading into Q1." (Machinery)
- "Delays in government product certification due to the partial government shutdown last year are still negatively impacting delivery and inventory levels." (Miscellaneous Manufacturing)
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